Terrestrial birds

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American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H. and J. Chrisian Franson
Pages
235-241
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 3.0% hemoglobin Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS no effect various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels

Author(s)
Vyas, N.B., L.A. Thiele, S.C. Garland
Pages
151-157
Year
Volume
120
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FENTHION increased @ all doses mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CARBOFURAN increased at 63.4, 126.8, 253.6 ppm mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION decreased to 10% of control levels brain cholinesterase activity of birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CARBOFURAN decreased to 35% of controls brain cholinesterase activity in birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Developmental Toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, Clifford P. Rice, John D. Eisemann, Randy K. Hines, James W. Spann, and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
188-200
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased plasma enzyme activities indicative of hepatotoxicity versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect hematocrit and hemoglobin values versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 50,250,1000 ng/g bw hepatic monooxygenase activities versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) in ng/g, wet wt: 156 (@ 50 ng/g), 380 (@ 250 ng/g), 1098 (@1000 ng/g) concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) positive correlation relationship between hepatic PCB 126 concentrations and ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls to Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Elliot, John E., Sean W. Kennedy, Angela Lorenzen
Pages
57-75
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased after 4 or 12 weeks aminopyrine N-demethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 decreased after 4 weeks liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Christian J. Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck and Allen Anderson
Pages
89-94
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increase at 125, 625 mg/kg bw
7.2, 15.5 ppm at 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively 		kidney lead concentrations Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and reproduction in American kestrels exposed to chronic dietary lead

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H.
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect lead concentration in eggshell Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 62.0 ppm tibia, 13.5 ppm humeri at 50 ppm lead concentrations in bones Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 28.70 (2.6 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.357 (0.012 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.63 (1.03 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN 83% (4.3 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Birds of prey, DDT, and tussock moths in Pacific Northwest

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
397-411
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 6.42 ppm mean DDT concentration in eggs 0-0.8 mi from sprayed area Both Male and Female Embryo 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 10.4% decrease change in mean eggshell thickness (relative to control) 0-0.8 miles from sprayed area Female Adult 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect mean productivity (young produced) Both Male and Female Adult 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 0.78 ppm mean DDT concentration in plasma of birds sampled 0-1.5 mi from sprayed area Both Male and Female Adult 23 birds La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MIREX 40.3% decrease @ 8 ppm sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MIREX no effect sperm motility Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 73.3% increase @ 8ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor semen volume Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 20.3% decrease @ 8 ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Franson, J. Christian, Louis Sileo, Oliver H. Pattee and John F. Moore
Pages
110-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 10, 50 ppm mean blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect mean packed cell volume and red blood cell hemoglobin Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increase at 50 ppm
1.3 ppm (1.00 SD) males; 2.4 ppm (1.40 SD) females 		mean lead concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE at Low Dietary Levels Kills Captive American Kestrels

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
193-199
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 984.1-1438.6 ppm (dry wt) brain residues in birds that died Male Adult 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 232.9 ppm (dry wt) mean brain residues in birds that survived Male Adult 11 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 507-877.1 ppm (dry wt) liver residues in birds that died Male Adult 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism and storage of p,p' dicofol

Author(s)
Schwarzbach, S.E., D. Michael Fry, B.E. Rosson and David M. Bird
Pages
206-210
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL 8.11 (fat), 0.28 (liver) ug/g @ 0.3 mg/kg bw/d sum of geometric mean tissue concentrations (wet wt) of dicofol and metabolites (dichlorobenzophenone, mono-dechlorinated dicofol, dichlorobenzhydrol, DDE) Female Adult 2-4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL 82.36 (fat), 4.93 (liver), 1.15 (brain), 0.84 (oviduct) ug/g @ 3.0 mg/kg bw/d sum of geometric mean tissue concentrations (wet wt) of dicofol and metabolites (dichlorobenzophenone, mono-dechlorinated dicofol, dichlorobenzhydrol, DDE) Female Adult 2-4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and effects on reproduction in captive American kestrels fed selenomethionine

Author(s)
Santolo, Gary M., Julie T. Yamamoto, Jacqueline M. Pisenti, Barry W. Wilson
Pages
502-511
Year
Issue
2
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE blood Se concentration = 1.307 + 0.852(diet Se concentration) relation between Se concentrations in blood (dry wt) and diet (dry wt) Male Adult 40 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE egg Se concentration = 1.307 + 0.852(diet Se concentration) relation between Se concentrations in egg (dry wt) and diet (dry wt) Female Adult 53 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 6 or 12 ppm Se food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Parathion accumulation in cricket frogs and its effect on American kestrels

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Haydee de Chacin, Oliver H. Pattee and Thair G. Lamont
Pages
921-927
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION 25% at 4.6 ppm Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARATHION 47% decrease at 4.6 ppm mean brain cholinesterase activity relative to control Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION increased at 2, 3 mg/kg bw abnormal posture, ataxia, paresis Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION increase at 3 mg/kg bw mortality rate 2 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Carbofuran affects wildlife on Virginia corn fields

Author(s)
Stinson, Elizabeth R., Lynn E. Hayes, Parshall B. Bush, and Donald H. White
Pages
566-575
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBOFURAN 3 number of dead kestrels found on treated fields Not Reported Not Reported 44 fields Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in American kestrels

Author(s)
Nam, Sae-Im, B.D. Roebuck and Marianne E. Walsh
Pages
837-841
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) increased accumulation in skin Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed selenomethionine and naturally incorporated selenium

Author(s)
Yamamoto, Julie T., Gary M. Santolo, and Barry W. Wilson
Pages
2494-2497
Year
Issue
12
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE Y=1.132 + 0.801X (R^2 = 0.932) relationship between Se concentrations in diet and blood Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect female fertility or productivity, egg weight and size Female Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased hatchability Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight at hatch Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect mortality Female Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 169.2 ug/g, dry wt. lead concentration in bone Not Reported Adult 10 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets 33.9 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the blood of mourning doves dosed with lead

Author(s)
Castrale, John S., and Mark Oster
Pages
265-272
Year
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased at 1, 4 shots mortality Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased at all doses lead concentrations in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased at all doses delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)activity in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Long-term effects of 4-aminopyridine exposure to birds and fish

Author(s)
Schafer, E.W., Jr. and L.L. Marking
Pages
807-811
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AMINOPYRIDINE (4-) 150 ppm dose at which 50% mortality was observed Not Reported Adult 7/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMINOPYRIDINE (4-) 316 ppm dietary LC50 Not Reported Adult 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species

Author(s)
Tucker, Richard K. and D. Glen Crabtree
Pages
1307-1310
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MEXACARBATE 2.83 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of urban pesticide applications on nesting success of songbirds

Author(s)
Brehmer, Paul M. and Raymond K. Anderson
Pages
352-359
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON no effect percent nest success, eggs hatched, and nestlings fledged Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL decreased at 1196 ppm carbaryl plasma cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON no effect brain cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and cover-seeking response of northern bobwhites and mourning doves dosed with aldicarb`

Author(s)
Hawkes, Anthony W., Larry W. Brewer, James F. Hobson, Michael J. Hooper and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
1538-1543
Year
Issue
9
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALDICARB 0.82 LD50 mg/kg bw Not Reported Adult 50 birds total Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ALDICARB no effect daily survival rate in dosed wild birds Not Reported Adult 9-12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on mourning dove reproduction and circulating progesterone levels

Author(s)
Koval, P.J., T.J. Peterle and J.D. Harder
Pages
663-670
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10 ppm interval from nest occupation to egg-laying Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 decreased at 10 ppm percent of birds that laid eggs Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of herbicide applications on nesting ecology of passerines

Author(s)
Nolte, Kenneth R. and Timothy E. Fulbright
Pages
44
Publisher
Society for Range Management
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
PICLORAM, TRICLOPYR no effect nesting success in treated plots Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect number of young produced per nest attempt Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect number of chicks produced per successful pair Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE decrease adult body weight Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Heptachlor seed treatment contaminates hawks, owls, and eagles of Columbia Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and T. Earl Kaiser
Pages
41-48
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR no effect mean clutch size Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN no effect productivity in contaminated versus uncontaminated sites Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 nests on contaminated sites; 5-9 nests on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN negative correlation relationship between residue in plasma and survival Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds (contaminated sites), 10 birds (uncontaminated sites) Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily and interval survival estimates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds on contaminated sites; 41 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily survival rates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Adult 9 birds on contaminated sites; 11 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 0.07 +/- 0.03 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.34 +/- 0.21 ppm (contaminated site) mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma Not Reported Adult 2 birds on contaminated sites; 5 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult 1 owl Greene County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 1 owl 6 km s. of Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TERBUFOS decreased (>2 standard deviations of control mean) in 3 samples plasma cholinesterase activity after pesticide applications Not Reported Not Reported 6 samples Toxicity Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
FONOFOS, TERBUFOS no effect survival of banded individuals, pre- versus post-application, up to 50 days post-application Both Male and Female Adult 88 males, 44 females (treatment); 69 males, 27 females (control) southwestern Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings Not Reported Juvenile 79 nestlings Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin)
females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) 		geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds Both Male and Female Adult 26 males, 34 females Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS liver: 1.58-59.45, PCBs; 0.99-18.84, DDE; 0.06-0.79, dieldrin
breast: 0.35-57.30, PCBs; 0.30-16.95, DDE; 0-0.19, dieldrin 		range of residues in liver and breast muscle (ppm, wet wt) of 22-31 day old nestlings found dead Not Reported Juvenile 7 birds Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in Rocky Mountain peregrines, Falco peregrinus, and their prey

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Gerald R. Craig, William A. Burnham, and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
255-264
Year
Issue
3
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 21:0.09 ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items Female Adult 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 295 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets eggs were addled and/or deserted UNITED KINGDOM
MERCURY (elemental) brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult 60 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.412 - 0.724(log DDE) linear regression of productivity (mean number of young raised per pair) vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
Citation:

Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines

Author(s)
Berger, Daniel D., Daniel W. Anderson, James D. Weaver, and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
265-267
Year
Volume
84
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 10 eggs Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 21% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens Female Adult 21 eggs from 12 clutches Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in peregrines and their prey species from northern Canada

Author(s)
Enderson, James H. and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
149-153
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect number of viable eggs or young versus "normal" nest success Not Reported Juvenile 15 nests Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell characteristics of reestablished peregrines in the eastern United States

Author(s)
Gilroy, Martin J., and John H. Barclay
Pages
403-411
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 12.1% percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs Not Reported Embryo 39 eggs Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites Toxicity Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Residues in common flicker and mountain bluebird eggs one year after a DDT application

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Roger A. Olson and Dennis L. Meeker
Pages
115-122
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 eggs (reference), 12 eggs (treatment) NE Oregon, SE Washington, Idaho Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased at 1 mg/kg latency to formation of natural prey killing behaviors Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory
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